{"id":6972,"date":"2025-02-09T17:18:47","date_gmt":"2025-02-09T14:18:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/salehalali.com\/?p=6972"},"modified":"2025-02-09T17:18:47","modified_gmt":"2025-02-09T14:18:47","slug":"6972","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/exceedlimits.site\/saleh\/2025\/02\/09\/6972\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0647\u0628 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0650\u0651\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0648\u0647\u0628 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0631\u064f\u0648\u0645\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629<\/strong>\u00a0( 1363- 1446 \u0647\u0640 \/ 1944- 2025 \u0645)\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AB\">\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b<\/a>\u00a0\u0648\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86\">\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a<\/a>\u060c 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href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A8_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9#%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A9\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u064f\u0644\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c&nbsp;<strong>\u0648\u0647\u0628 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0631\u064f\u0648\u0645\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0641\u064a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B0%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9\">\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0630\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/a>&nbsp;\u0639\u0627\u0645 1363\u0647\u0640\/ 1944\u0645. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064e \u0628\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0628<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%82\">\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0629 (<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3\">\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0633<\/a>) \u0639\u0627\u0645 1967.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062b\u0645 \u0631\u062d\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1\">\u0645\u0635\u0631<\/a>\u00a0\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0641\u062d\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 (<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B1\">\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631<\/a>) \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0628<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9\">\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629<\/a>\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645 1974. \u062b\u0645 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 (<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AF%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87\">\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647<\/a>) \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A3%D8%AF%D8%A8\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85_(%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%AD_%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A)\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645<\/a>\u00a0\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1977 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A8_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9#cite_note-4\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0639\u0648\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u064f\u064a\u0650\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0650\u0651\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%82\">\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642<\/a>&nbsp;\u0639\u0627\u0645 1978\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u064b\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%86\">\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0646<\/a>\u060c \u0628<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86\">\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/a>\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645 1978. \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u064b\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0628<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%82%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_1_-%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A\">\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0633\u0646\u0637\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1_(%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9)\">\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631<\/a>\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 1979 \u06481980. \u0641\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%A1\">\u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0621<\/a>&nbsp;\u0628<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86\">\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646<\/a>\u060c \u0645\u0646 1981 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1985\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0649 \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1982.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062b\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%82\">\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642<\/a>&nbsp;\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 1986 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1992. \u062b\u0645 \u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AA\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a<\/a>&nbsp;\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%A6%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A8\">\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628<\/a>\u060c \u0645\u0646 1992 \u0625\u0644\u0649 2003. \u0648\u0639\u064f\u064a\u0650\u0651\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0646 1997 \u0625\u0644\u0649 2001.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A8_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9#cite_note-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0631\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%82\">\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642<\/a>&nbsp;\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0639\u064f\u064a\u0650\u0651\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645 2009. \u062f\u0631\u064e\u0651\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u062d\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u064e\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A3%D8%AF%D8%A8_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%84%D9%8A\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u064a<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9\">\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628<\/a>\u060c \u0648<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A3%D8%AF%D8%A8_%D8%A3%D8%B7%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84\">\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A8_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9#cite_note-6\">[6]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0623\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u0648<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A8\">\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0644\u0628<\/a>\u060c \u0648<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B0%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9\">\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0630\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/a>\u00a0(\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627)\u060c \u0648<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%82%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_1_-%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A\">\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0633\u0646\u0637\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/a>\u00a0\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A8_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9#cite_note-:0-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0647<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0641\u064a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%82\">\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642<\/a>&nbsp;\u0645\u0646\u0630 2016.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A8_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9#cite_note-8\">[8]<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8\">\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a: \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0630\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%A4%D8%AA%D8%A9\">\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0629<\/a>&nbsp;\u0628<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0645\u062d\u0643\u064e\u0651\u0645 \u0641\u064a: (<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A9_(%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8)\">\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/a>&nbsp;&#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AA\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a<\/a>)\u060c \u0648(\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a)\u060c \u0648(\u062d\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a)\u060c \u0648(\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/a>)\u060c \u0648(\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0648(\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0644\u0628) \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A8_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9#cite_note-9\">[9]<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1_(%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%82%D8%A9)\">\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621<\/a>&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645 2024\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0638\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A8_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9#cite_note-10\">[10]<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%A1\">\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0621<\/a>&nbsp;1985.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3_(%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9)\">\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633<\/a>&nbsp;1987.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A\">\u0623\u0628\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064e\u0645\u0652\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/a>\u060c&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1_(%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9)\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631<\/a>&nbsp;2000.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0631\u0646\u060c 2001.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A\">\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0642\u0631\u0650\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a<\/a>\u060c&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646<\/a>&nbsp;2002.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86\">\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646<\/a>\u060c&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A8%D8%A9\">\u0642\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629<\/a>\u060c&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7\">\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/a>&nbsp;2004.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AA\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a<\/a>&nbsp;2005.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u060c&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629<\/a>&nbsp;2008.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a 2008.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A8_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9#cite_note-11\">[11]<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u0641\u064a_\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639_\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\">\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0646\u062a\u064f\u062e\u0628 \u0648\u0647\u0628 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%82\">\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642<\/a>\u00a0\u0641\u064a 27 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 (\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644) 2016\u060c \u062e\u0644\u064e\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%89\">\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a 15 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 (\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644) 2016\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a \u062d\u0641\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a 15 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 (\u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631) 2017. \u0623\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%8A\">\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0646\u064a<\/a>\u00a0\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AD_%D8%AE%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9\">\u0645\u0645\u062f\u0648\u062d \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/a>\u00a0\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064f\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A8_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9#cite_note-12\">[12]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0\u062b\u0645 \u0623\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0647\u0628 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064e\u0651\u062b \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627: \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B7\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0627\u062a<\/a>&nbsp;\u0648\u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0648\u0623\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u0646\u061f \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c 2017.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c 2018.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A8_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9#cite_note-13\">[13]<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647_\u0648\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\">\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062d \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u064a<\/a>&nbsp;\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A9_(%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7)\">\u0648\u0650\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/a>\u060c 1981.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A3%D8%AF%D8%A8_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%84%D9%8A\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/a>\u060c&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%A4%D8%B3%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9\">\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/a>&nbsp;\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 1982.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c 1994.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A9_(%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8)\">\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/a>&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (207)\u060c 1996.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A8_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9#cite_note-14\">[14]<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f: \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (331)\u060c 2006.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A8_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9#cite_note-15\">[15]<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0635\u064f\u0651 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%86_20\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646<\/a>&nbsp;\u0648<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%84%D9%8A\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u064a<\/a>\u060c&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%A9_(%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88_%D8%B8%D8%A8%D9%8A)\">\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629<\/a>\u060c&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA\">\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a>\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0638\u0628\u064a 2019.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A8_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9#cite_note-16\">[16]<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A9_(%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7)\">\u0648\u0650\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/a>\u060c\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%A6%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8\">\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628<\/a>\u060c \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c 2020.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A8_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9#cite_note-17\">[17]<\/a><\/sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:%D8%BA%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A9_-_0331.jpg\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:%D8%BA%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A9_-_0207.jpg\"><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a\u061b \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627: (\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639- \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629)\u060c \u0648(\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a- \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642)\u060c \u0648(\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629- \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642)\u060c \u0648(\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644- \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629)\u060c \u0648(\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0650\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a- \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642)\u060c \u0648(\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0644\u0628)\u060c \u0648(\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f)\u060c \u0648(<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AA\">\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a<\/a>)\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d-&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A2%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D9%84%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B1_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B9\">\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628<\/a>\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a)\u060c \u0648(\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641-&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9\">\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629<\/a>).<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A8_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9#cite_note-:0-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0647\">\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0647<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%A4%D8%B3%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A\">\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/a>\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0639\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645 2007.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B2%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9_(%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7)\">\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/a>&nbsp;\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0646&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A9_(%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7)\">\u0648\u0650\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/a>\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645 2020.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 19\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0635\u064f\u0651 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0646&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3\">\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633<\/a>\u060c \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2024.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A8_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9#cite_note-18\">[18]<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u0623\u0633\u0631\u062a\u0647\">\u0623\u0633\u0631\u062a\u0647<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0632\u0648\u064e\u0651\u062c \u0648\u0647\u0628 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u064e\u062c\u064f\u0651\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\">\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%A9_%D9%86%D8%B9%D9%8A_%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A8_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/a1\/%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%A9_%D9%86%D8%B9%D9%8A_%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A8_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9.jpg\/230px-%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%A9_%D9%86%D8%B9%D9%8A_%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A8_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/a>\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0627\u0621&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/28_%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A8\">28 \u0631\u062c\u0628<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1446_%D9%87%D9%80\">1446\u0647\u0640<\/a>&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/28_%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1\">28 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631<\/a>&nbsp;(\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a)&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2025\">2025\u0645<\/a>\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0647\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A8_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9#cite_note-19\">[19]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A8_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9#cite_note-20\">[20]<\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;\u0648\u0646\u064f\u0642\u0644 \u062c\u064f\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062f\u064f\u0641\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7\">\u062c\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0627<\/a>&nbsp;\u0641\u064a \u0631\u064a\u0641&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B0%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9\">\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0630\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/a>\u060c \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0646 1446\u0647\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 31 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2025\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&nbsp;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/www.arabacademy.gov.sy\/ar\/page16207\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A8_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9\" target=\"_blank\">&#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0647\u0628 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%82\">\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642<\/a>. \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e&nbsp;2023-07-09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/archive.ph\/uoqYr\" target=\"_blank\">&#8220;\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0647\u0628 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B5%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AC\">\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c<\/a>. 29 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2025. \u0645\u0624\u0631\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0646&nbsp;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.alkhaleej.ae\/2025-01-29\/%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A8-%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9\/%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%AB%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9\/%D8%AB%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A9\" target=\"_blank\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644<\/a>&nbsp;\u0641\u064a 2025-01-29. \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e&nbsp;2025-01-29.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;\u00ab\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0638\u00bb (\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642) (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627\u0621 29 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2025).&nbsp;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.okaz.com.sa\/culture\/culture\/2179790\" target=\"_blank\">&#8220;\u00ab\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621\u00bb \u064a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0647\u0628 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u064f\u0643\u0627\u0638<\/em>. \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e&nbsp;2025-01-29.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20191216104443\/http:\/\/www.arabacademy.gov.sy\/ar\/page16207\/%D8%AF._%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A8_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9\" target=\"_blank\">&#8220;\u062f. \u0648\u0647\u0628 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>www.arabacademy.gov.sy<\/em>. \u0645\u0624\u0631\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0646&nbsp;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/www.arabacademy.gov.sy\/ar\/page16207\/%D8%AF._%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A8_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9\" target=\"_blank\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644<\/a>&nbsp;\u0641\u064a 2019-12-16. \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e&nbsp;2019-01-04.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8\">\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628<\/a>&nbsp;(2019)\u060c&nbsp;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/BWB2019ARAR\" target=\"_blank\"><em>\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1919- 2019\u0645)<\/em><\/a>\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D9%83%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1%D9%8A\">\u0645\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a<\/a>\u060c&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83\">\u0645\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643<\/a>&nbsp;(\u0637. 1)\u060c \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%82\">\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642<\/a>\u060c \u0635.&nbsp;382- 383\u060c&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AA\">OCLC<\/a>:<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.worldcat.org\/oclc\/1240433816\" target=\"_blank\">1240433816<\/a>\u060c&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA\">QID<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q115388886\">Q115388886<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00a0\u0645\u0645\u062f\u0648\u062d \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 (\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 1438\u0647\u0640 \/ \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a 2017).\u00a0<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/arabacademy-sy.org\/uploads\/magazine\/mag90\/mag90-1-16.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">&#8220;\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u062f\u0648\u062d \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0647\u0628\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0627<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0648\u0647\u0628 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0631\u064f\u0648\u0645\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u00a0( 1363- 1446 \u0647\u0640 \/ 1944- 2025 \u0645)\u00a0\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u00a0\u0648\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f\u00a0\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0641\u064a\u00a0\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c &#8220;\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0638\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b. \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0632\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064f\u0645\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0650\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0638\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064e\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0642\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064e\u0651\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628.[3] \u0648\u064f\u0644\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c&nbsp;\u0648\u0647\u0628 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6973,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6972","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-27"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/exceedlimits.site\/saleh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6972","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/exceedlimits.site\/saleh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/exceedlimits.site\/saleh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/exceedlimits.site\/saleh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/exceedlimits.site\/saleh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6972"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/exceedlimits.site\/saleh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6972\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/exceedlimits.site\/saleh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6973"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/exceedlimits.site\/saleh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6972"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/exceedlimits.site\/saleh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6972"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/exceedlimits.site\/saleh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6972"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}